FERTILIZER HMAN DAN

TABLE-1

     Thlai chaw NPK hnathawh tlangpui leh Fertilizer Mizorama kan hman lar zualte :

1. Nitrogen(N) : i) Thlai nunna bul a ni. ii) A thanlen tir tu a ni. iii) Thlai hrinna pe tu a ni, iv) Thlaiin chaw chidang an ei that theih nana puitu a ni bawk.

     A pe theitu leichi hming : Urea leh DAP

2. Phosphorus (P): i) Thlai chakna petu a ni. ii) A zung chhuah hma tirtu. iii) Thlai rah leh a chite tithatu a ni. iv) Nitrogen eitam lutuk vengtu a ni bawk.

     A pe theitu leichi te : DAP, SSP, Bone Meal, Rock Phosphate

3. Potassium (K) : i)Thlai natnate leh sik leh sa danglam thutin thlai a tihchhiat tur laka vengtu leh do chakna petu a ni. ii) Buh lam chi hote hmin hmatirtu a ni. iii) Thlumna siamtu leh petu a ni a, alu, Kawlbahra leh Phosphorus an ei that theih nana puitu a ni bawk.

     A pe theitu Leichi : MOP.

     U.N.O peng pakhat F.A.O chuan khawvel ram hrang hrang chanchin an chhuinaah chuan “ Leichi an hman tam dan a zir zelin Buh leh Bal pawh an thar hlawk a ni. “ an ti . Keini India ram ngeiah pawh Punjab ramin an hmang uar ber a, “India Buh zem” an ti hial reng a ni.

TABLE-2

( Source : The Fertilizer Association of India 1988, ( N,Delhi))

Fertilizer larzualte leh a hmandan tlangpui :

1. Urea : Leichi hovah a chak berte zinga mi a ni a. India ram leh khawvel ram dangah pawh a lar em em a ni. A lan dan chu mum helhawl, fim var sar mai a ni a, boruak thawleng dah chuan a tuiral vek thei a , bag phui tha takah an dah tha thin. Urea hi tuia chiahin a tuiral vek thei a ni.

A hman dan tlangpui

     (1) Lei hnawng deuhvah theh darhin leh hnan nghal a tha ber . Tui tlingah pekin leihnuai rilah a chakna a tham ral thin a, lei ro tak chunglangah kan pek chuan a chakna boruak a bo thei bawk a ni.

     (2) Leiah tuiralin a chakna a thamral thin a vangin vawihnih aia tam thlaite pek thin tur a ni a, thlai chin dawnte , a zung thlak laite leh a par laiten pek thin a tha. Thlai a eichhiat theih a vangin thlaichi leh zungte nen inkhawih lova pek thin tur a ni.

     (3) Urea hian tlemin lei a tithur thei a, chuvangin Leichi dang DAP, MOP te leh chinai te hman ve ngei a tha .

2. DAP : DAP hian thlai chaw pui ber pahnih Nitrogen leh Phosphorus a pai a, fertilizer zingah chuan a chak berte zinga mi a ni . Mizoram leite hi an thur bakah Phosphorus an pai tlem em em a, chuvangin Phosphorus pai tam chi DAP ang te hi hman uar a tha hle ang.

A hman dan:

     (1) DAP hian thlai chin hma emaw a rual emaw in Urea te ang bawka thehdarhin lehhnan tur a ni a, amaherawhchu vawikhatah pek nghal vek tur a ni.

     (2) Thlai chi leh zungte nen inkhawih lova pek tur a ni.

     (3) A thehdarh aiin thlai tlar hrulah phulin thlai ten an chhawr tangkai zawk a ni.

3. Rock Phosphate: Rock Phosphate hi meihawl rawtdip anga dip leh dur a ni a, Lung chikhat Phosphorus bakah Calcium, Magnesium te leh Zinc te pawh an pai tel bawk a ni. Rock phosphate hman hian lei a ti thur ve lo a ni.

A hman dan tlangpui :

     (1) Thlai ei mai theih turin leia a tuiral ve nghal mai loh avangin thlai chin hma chawlhkar 4-6 velah pek lawk thin a tha.

     (2) Thlai kumhlun lovah pek lawk a nih loh chuan an tangkai pui ve hman lova, chuvangin thlai kumhlun ho ser, Theite, Thingpui leh Rubber te tan a tha bik a ni.

4. Supper Phosphate (single): SSP hi Phosphate atanga siam chhuah a ni. SSP hi leiah a tuiral awl hle a, lei thur lam a tidanglam vak lo, thlaiten an ngeih hle.

A hman dan :

     DAP te ang bawka hman tur a ni a, thehdarhna lei lehhnan theih a ni a, thlai tlar hrul zela phulin thlaiin a hlawkpui zawk.

5. M.O.P: MOP hi India rama Potassium(K) petu fertilizer kan neih chhun a ni a, ramdang atanga lakluh a ni. Germany, France te, USA leh Canada ram te atanga lak a ni ber.

     MOP hi leiah thlai ei theih turin a tuiril nghal mai thin a, thlai ten an that phah em em a ni.

A hman dan :

     1. Thlai chin hma in emaw, chin rualin emaw thehdarh a, lehhnan nghal tur a ni.

     2. Leiah a chakna a thamral ve mai loh avangin vawikhatah pek tur zawng zawng pek nghal vek tur a ni.

     3. Lei a ti thurin a ti-al chuang lo bawk. Lei thurah thlaiten an thatpui em em.

Hriat tur pawimawh : Leichi fertilizer hman reng rengin thlai chawpui pathum NPK petheitu leichi te hman vek zel thin tur a ni. an invengtawn bawk a ni.

4. Supper Phosphate (single): SSP hi Phosphate atanga siam chhuah a ni. SSP hi leiah a tuiral awl hle a, lei thur lam a tidanglam vak lo, thlaiten an ngeih hle.

A hman dan :

     DAP te ang bawka hman tur a ni a, thehdarhna lei lehhnan theih a ni a, thlai tlar hrul zela phulin thlaiin a hlawkpui zawk.

5. M.O.P: MOP hi India rama Potassium(K) petu fertilizer kan neih chhun a ni a, ramdang atanga lakluh a ni. Germany, France te, USA leh Canada ram te atanga lak a ni ber.

     MOP hi leiah thlai ei theih turin a tuiril nghal mai thin a, thlai ten an that phah em em a ni.

A hman dan :

     1. Thlai chin hma in emaw, chin rualin emaw thehdarh a, lehhnan nghal tur a ni.

     2. Leiah a chakna a thamral ve mai loh avangin vawikhatah pek tur zawng zawng pek nghal vek tur a ni.

     3. Lei a ti thurin a ti-al chuang lo bawk. Lei thurah thlaiten an thatpui em em.

Hriat tur pawimawh : Leichi fertilizer hman reng rengin thlai chawpui pathum NPK petheitu leichi te hman vek zel thin tur a ni. an invengtawn bawk a ni.

TABLE :4

Thlai chi hrang hrangte tharchhuah zat Thlai chaw eiral zatte :- Nitrogen, Phophosrous, Potassium, Calcium, Mangnesium leh Sulphur an eiral zatte :

Source :-Secondary and Micro – Nutrient Recommendations for Soils and Crops – A Guide Book by Dr. H.L.S Tandon

Serthlum :-

i) Kum 1-a upa tan : N-150, P-120, K-10gm, UREA-225, DAP-60 and MOP-166gm/kungkhat zel tan kum 1-a upa pek tur bituk zat hi kum tin belh zelin, kum 7 thleng pek pun tur a ni a, kum 7-naa pek belh chuang lovin kum tin pek tawh tur a ni a. Pek tur hmun hnih inzata thenin Feb – March leh Sep-Oct thlaah pek tur a ni.

9. Kuhva : 100 : 40 : 140gm 183-87 233gm kung khat atan Tin 1 hmun 2 inzata thenin Feb leh Sept-Oct thlaah pek tur.

10. Panhnah : 150 :100 :50, 241 -217-33gm kung khat zel atan, hmun 6-8 ah inzatin then darh a, kum khat chhungin vawi 6-8 pek tur.

TABLE :5

Thlai chi hrang hrangte tharchhuah zat Thlai chaw eiral zatte :- Nitrogen, Phophosrous, Potassium, Calcium, Mangnesium leh Sulphur an eiral zatte :

TABLE :6

Thlai chi hrang hrangte ngeih tawk lei thur lam (ph)

TABLE-7

Thlaichaw NPK (Kg/ha.) hi leichi a chhutchhuah dan (Kg/ha.)

     e.g 20:20:15 NPK kg/ha. hi pek tur (recommendation)ni sela. N=20 hi 2.17-a puntirin Urea mamawh zat a lo chhuak ang 20x2.17=43.4 kg. Urea, chutiang zelin SSP mamawh zat a hriat nan = P 20 hi 6.25-a puntirin SSP mamawh zat a lo chhuak ang,

     e.g (20x6.25 = 125kg.SSP) DAP kan hman dawn erawh chuan a chhut dan a chhawng deuh.

     e.g.N.P.K Recommendation :- 20:30:15 kg/ha. atan hian Urea, Dap leh MOP lo hmang dawn ta ila a chhut dan chu hetiangin :-

     1. p = 30x2.17 =65.1kg.DAP

     DAP hian 18%N a pai bawk avangin 65.1x18 = 11.7 N (kg/ha.)a pai tel bawk. 100

     2. N=20 atang hian 11.7 paih leh phawt tur (chu chu DAP-a ‘N’ awm zat a ni)

     Chutichuan 20-11.7 = 8.3 N (Hei hi DAP pek bak ‘N’ la mamawh zat a ni)

     3. 8.3N Kg. hi Urea-a chan tir turin 2.17-a puntir leh tur.

     Chutichuan 8.3x2.17 = 18.01 kg. Urea

     4. K – 15 hi MOP-a chantir turin

     15x1.67=25.05kg.

     Chutichuan Urea – 18kg.

     DAP - 65.1 kg.

     MOP - 25.05 kg.

Fertilizer thenkhat tehkhawng(an rihzawng)

     Rial No khat (A huih) = UREA - 100 gm.

     -do- = MOP - 140 gm.

     -do- = DAP - 150 gm.

     -do- = Rock Phosphate - 200 gm.

TABLE :8

Thlai thenkhatten thlaichaw tenau ho (Micronutrients) an eiral zatte

Source : Secondary Micronutrients Recommendations for soils and Corps

-A Guide book by DR. H.L.S. Tandon p-34 (1989)

TABLE-9

                    Fertilizer pek loh aia pek a hlawk zawk dan

                    (Enchhinna- BUH C.R-1018 Variety )

      NB : Sl.7 -a NPK ( Thlaichaw chi thum) pek hi a hlawk ber a, Leichi Urea, DAP leh MOP hmang ta ila a man zawng zawng chu Rs. 58.30 a ni a, Leichi man paih hnua Leichi hman lohna buh aia a hlawk zawkna chu Rs.1501.70 zel s ni. ( i.e Buh Rs.3.00kg . Zela hralhin )

Fertilizer leh Bawngek leitha hman dan:

      Leichi leh Bawngek leitha thlai ten an hlawkpui theih nan thlai chaw chikhat chauh ni lo, chi hrang hrang te

      i)Thlai leh lei mamawh tawk pek tur

      ii)A hun takah pek tur

      iii)A pek dan dik takin pek tur a ni

Fertilizer an mamawh tawk chauh pek :-

      Thlai hrang hrang te hian chaw an mamawh tawk a inang lova, hlawk taka an thar theihna tura an chaw mamawh pek tur a ni. Lei endik ( Soil test ) a nih chuan fertilizer pek tur zatte dik taka chhutchhuahna pek an ni a. Lei endik a nih loh chuan a tlangpuia thlaite mamawh tawk siamsa a awm a, chungte chu a chikimin pek ngei tur a ni.

Bawngek leitha leh leichi pek hun :-

      Bawngek leitha te hi thlai te ei theih tura a tawih that theih nan a thalaite tuh/phun hma kar 4-6 velah lo pek lawk a tha ber.

      Fertilizer pek hun hriat hi a pawimawh hle a, thlai chin tur a zir te, thlaite upat dan, a mamawh hunlaia lei awmdan leh fertilizer a zir te hian a pek hun a ti danglam thei.

Fertilizer pek hunte :-

      i)A chin hma feah

      ii) A chin zawh hnuah te.

a) A chin hma fea pek : Fertilizer thenkhat Rock Phosphate te, Basic slag te leh bone meal te hi thlai te ei mai theih tur chuan a chin hma kar 2-4 velah lo pek lawk tur a ni.

b) A chin ruala pek : Urea hi a tuiral hmain leihnuaiah a thamral thuai theia, chuvangin a chin/phun rualin a then peka, a la bang zawng chu thlai than lak hun hrang hrangah pek tur a ni.

       Phosphorus pe chi DAP te SSP te hi a tuiral hnuah leihnuaiah an thamral ve mai loh a vangin leh thlai ten an zung an siam tantirh laia an mamawh hnem avangin pek tur zawng zawng phun/tuh rualin pek nghal tur a ni.

      M.O.P hi leiah a thamral mai lo bawk a, thlai ten an tet laiin an mamawh hnem a, pek tur zawng zawng phun/tuh rualin pek nghal vek bawk tur a ni

iii)A chin /phun hnua pek : Urea hi a tira pek bak zawngte thlai than lak hun hrang hrangah pek belh leh thin tur a ni.

Thlai kumhlun : Thei chi hrangah te chuan a phun ruala pek bakah kumtin N.P.K pek belh tur a ni.

Fertilizer pek dan te :

       i)Thehdarh

      ii)A phul/dah

      iii)A hnah kah/phuh

      iv) Tui pek tura pawlh

i)Thehdarh : Hei hi a awlsam a, thlai bit tak an zung ten lei an dapchhuah vekna hmunah pek dan ber a ni.

A that tawk lohnate :-

      a)Hnim a tipungin an eipui ve a , leichi a hek.

      b)Lei nena in chawhpawlhna a zauh a vangin thlai ei theih lova inhlawm a tam duh a, Super Phosphate-ah te a ni zual.

      c)Fertilizer pek a rual lova, thlai te pawhin an hlawkpui dan a rual lo.

      d)Urea hi lei ro takah thehdarh chuan a chakna Nitrogen boruak hu-ah a thamral thin.

ii)A phul/dah : Fertilizer leia phul emaw dah emaw hian heng a hnuaia mite atan hian an hmang ber.

      a)Fertilizer tlemte pek tur a nihin

      b)Phosphate (DAP,SSP,Rock Phosphate etc. )leh Potassic (M.O.P) pek tur a nihin.

      c)Thlaite an bul inkar hlat/zauvin

      d)Lei a dak vang leh a zung tawi chi an nihin.

      Fertilizer hi thehdarh aiin a phul/dah hi thlaiten an hlawkpui zawk. Thlai eitheih loh tura inhlawm a tlemin hnim ten an eipui tlem zawk bawk. Alu leh vaimim ten an hlawkpui zual.

A pek hun leh pek dan :

A chin ruala pekdan :

      1. A chi nen a rualin (Phosphate- DAP/SSP/RP tan bik )

      2. A chi khawih lovin phul/dah in fertilizer dang (Phosphate ni lo tan a ni bik)

Thlai dinglaia pek dan :

      1. Thlai tlar hrul zelah phulin a sir khat emaw a sir tawn tawnah emaw

      2. A tlar inkar laiah phulin.

      3. A kung hual velin ( Theiah a ni bik ).

      Urea leh M.O.P te hi thlai chi/kung khawina pekin a thlai a eichhe thei a, chuvangin thlai chi/kung khawih phak lova pek tur a ni.

      DAP/SSP/RP etc. te hian thlai an eichhe ve lova pek kawp nghal pawh a pawi lo.

A hnah kah/phuh : Hei hi fertilizer tui nena chawhpawlha kah a ni. Micro-nutrient pek nan an hmang uar bik. A tui chak dan tawkah fimkhur a ngai a, a chak lutuk chuan thlaiin a chhiat phah thin, a tlangpuiin – 3-5% an hmang ber.

(iv) Tui pek tur (Irrigation) ruala pek: Hei hi ram changkang deuhah an uar. Fertilizer a tui chi leh tuia zawp ral thei chi (Phosphoric) te an hmang ber a. A tawk hre turin mithiam leh hmanraw tha a ngai.

Lei endik (soil Testing) pawimawhna leh lei endik tur lak dan :

      Thlaite hian chaw hrang hrangte hi kan lo leh huanah thlai mamawh tawk a awm leh awm loh hriat hi Loneitu tan a pawimawh em em a ni.

Lei endik pawimawhna te :

      i) Kan lo leh huana thlaichaw awmzat a hriat theih.

      ii) Thlai chin tur mamawh tawk fertilizer pek tur leh a zatte a hriat theih (hlawk taka tharchhuahna tur ).

      iii) Fertilizer pek hun leh pek dan turte a hriat theih.

      iv) Fertilizer hman dikloh avanga lei a ti chhe tur venna a ni.

Lei endik a nih loh chuan :

      i) Kan lo leh huan leia thlaichaw awmzat dik tak a hriat theih loh

      ii) Thlai mamawh tawk fertilizer pek tur zat dik a hriat theih loh va, thlai mamawh tawk aia tam pekin a thlawna insenso a awm thei.

      iii) Fertilizer hman dik loh avanga lei a tihchhiat a awm thei. iv) Hlawk taka buh leh bal thar chhuah theih dan tur a hriat theih loh.

A hmanrua te : Bawngtuthlawh, Tuthulh, soil Augar tube, Khurpa etc. te an ni.

Leilakna hmun :

1. Ram leilung inang lo te thenhranna a hranga lak tur :

      A ram leilung landan te, awih dante, leirawng leh lei chi hrangte, thlai chin dante a thanduan dante inang lovah chuan a hrang theuha laka endik tur a ni

2. Lei lak dan :

      i) Lei lakna tur hmun chu a chunglanga bawlhhlawh leh hnimte thenfai hmasak tur a ni.

      ii)Bawngtuthlawh te hman a nih chuan bawngtuthlawh thlak khat bial vel “V” ang kutphah chen vela thuk (6”) laihkhuar hmasak phawt tur a ni. Laihkhuar “V” ko lehlam lei chunglang ber atanga a thuk lam kutphah chen vel (6”) thleng (i.e. a mawng thleng ) a chhah lam kutzungtang bawk (1/2-1”) zai thlak tur a ni.

      iii)Hetiang hian lo/huan hmun tam takah kal kual velin lei lak tur a ni a. Sahar ip/ipte-ah emaw dahkhawm zel tur a ni. Tin khat hmun atan hmun 10-15 atanga lakkhawm a tawk ang.

      iv)Lei hi fertilizer dahna atangte, kawngpui sir atangte, lungpuibul atang te, bawngek dahkhawmna te, sawntlung pawng ang te, khuar ang tea lak loh tur a ni.

4.Lei thawn tur buatsaih dan :

       Hmun hrang hrang atanga lei lak dahkhawm chu ngun taka chawhfin lungte leh thingzaite paih fai phawt tur a ni a. hemi atang hian lei endik tur chu Kg chanve vel la chhuakin puan ip emaw ipteah emaw dahah endik tura thawn tur a ni. Hei hi lei lakna ram aiawhtu tur a ni a, fimkhur leh uluk taka lak a tha.

5.Chhinchhiahna :

      Lei endik tur ngun taka chhinchhiah tur a ni. Hming leh address (khua) ziakin ip pawnah leh a chhungah bel tur a ni. chhinchhiah hi pentuia ziak lovin pencil-in ziah zawk a ni.

6.Lei endik turah lehkha siamsa (form)-ah hnuaia mi te hi dah khah hnuah a bag chhung/ip teah daha thawn tel tur a ni.

      (i)Sample number

      (ii)Sample lak ni.

      (iii)Loneitu hming

      (iv)Thlai chin tur hming

      (v)Addres (khua/Veng)

      (vi)A ram leilung awmdan

      (vii)A awi/zawl dan

      (viii)Thlai indawta chin tur

      (ix) Thlai indawta chin tur

      (x)Fertilizer pek thin dan

      (xi)Harsatna dang (a awm chuan)

7. Lei endik tur ip (bag) chu chhinchhiahna a chunga mi ang tih zawh hnuah hrui/la zaiin tha taka tawn phui hnuah endik tura thawn tur a ni.

Mizoram lei ten chinai an mamawh:

      Mizoram hmun hrang hranga leiten chinai an mamawh san soil testing section, Agriculture Department –a thawk ten an hmuhchhuah (finding) chu hetiang hi a ni,

      1. Mizoram lei thurte tihreh nan Chinai(lime) pawlh an ngai.

      2. Lei thur lam tehna pH 6.341 thlenga tisang turin chinai pawlh a ngai a, hemi chin chung lamah chuan a thur tawh lo a. chinai pawlh belh a ngai tawh lo.

      3. Kan ram lei te 1pH zela tihsan nan Chinai (pure Caco 3) 5.891 tons ram hectare khata zau tan a tawk ang. Mizorama kan chinai hman lar ber ‘Slaked lime’(N.V. 135%) kan hman chuan

      4.63 tons/ha hman a ngai ang.

      pH hi lei thur lam tehna a ni a, 7.0 hi neutral, thur leh al inkar, thur lo, al lo anga ngaih a ni. 7.0 atanga hniam zel hian a thur telh telh tihna a ni a, 7.0 chin atanga a san hian a la zual zel tihna a ni. Himachal Pradesh te, Orissa te leh India hmarchhak state Meghalaya te, Nagaland te, Manipur te ang bawkin Mizorama lei hi a thur a ni. Mizoram lei hi a tlangpuiin pH5.0-5.5 a ni(Acidic soil) Lei thur nachhan hi chi hrang hrang a awm thei a, Mizoramah chuan ruahtui tam avanga lei thur vengtu, thlaichaw ni bawk Calcium leh Magnesium te lei chunglang atang leh leihnuai ril zawkah ruahtuiin a thamral pui vang a ni ber.

      Lei thur avang hian thlaichaw (Nutrients) awm leh Fertilizer kan pek belhte thlai ei theih lohin an inhlawmkhawm thin hemi avang hian kan ram leiah thlaichaw tam tak awm siin kan thlaite riltam leh eitur khamkhawp hmu lovin an lo awm a. “ Kan thlai chinte a tha lo, a hlawk lo, “ kan ti thin.

      Lei thur tihreh nan Chinai pawlh a ngai. Leia Chinai kan pawlh hian leia thlaichaw tam tak thlai ei theih lova inhlawmkhawm kha a zuk theh darh a, amah chinaiah hian thlaichaw Calcium leh magnesium te an lo awm bawk nen, thlai te nen chaw tam tak ei mai theih “ Ruai a zuk thehsak” a ni ber. Lei thur tam lutuk avanga thlaizung thlak tha thei lo te pawh khan zung duh tawkin an chhuah ngam ta a. Thlaichaw tam tak ei mai theih a lo awm ta chu thlai te chuan an duh tawkin an lo ei thei ta a, Fertilizer kan pek belh tam poh leh an thatpuiin an hlawkpui mai a ni. Buh leh bal thlai chi hrang hrang thar hlawk nana puitu tha tak a ni.

      Kerela State Patandi-a Buh hmuna Chinai pawlh that dan an enchhinaah chuan a hnuaia mi ang hian Buh thar a inhlawk hleih a ni.

      Chinai bakah thlai chaw (Fertilizer-NPK pawh belhin a hlawk lehzual. Karnataka State an enchhinnah chuan a hnuaia mi ang hian Buh (TN-1) thar a inhlawk hleih a ni.

      Mizoram bik atana thlai chi hrang hrangte leithur zia ang zela Chinai (Slaked Lime/Dolomite) an mamawh zat. Soil Testing Laboratory atanga tehchhuah chu a hnuaia mi ang hi a ni a, thlai chi hrang hrangte leithur an ngainat/ngam dan a inang lo a, buh, alu ten leithur lam deuh an ngaina a , ser te, bekang te leh Fu ten leithur an ngai thei lo thung a ni.

      Leitihthatna chi hrang hrangte leh thlaichaw an pai zat (za zelah)

THLAI CHAW BAWNGEK LEITHA SIAM DAN LEH A HMAN DAN

      Thlai chaw tam ber hi lei atanga an zung ten an fawmkhawm a ni. Ran te angin kan thlai te hi an duh duhin an che sawn ve thei lova, an chaw zawnna ber chu an dinna hmun an zungte thlen phak chin hi a ni mai.Chutichuan thlaite tana pawimawh ber chu an awmna lei a ni kan ti thei ang. An chaw mamawh te, an tui mamawh te leh an zungte tan a thanna leh an dinnghetna petu a ni a, chuvangin thlaite ching hlawhtling tur chuan a chinna leh phunna ram leilung enkawl that hi a pawimawh em em a ni.

      Thlai tan a leilung siamthatu leh an chaw atana tha tak mai pakhat chu Bawngek leitha kan tih mai hi a ni a. Mizovin Bawngek leitha kan tih mai hian ran dang ek dur leh hnimtawih te pawh a huam niin a langa, tunah pawh hian heng ran chi hrang hrang ekdur leh hnim leh thlai tawih leitha te hi Bawngek leitha tiin kan sawi vek mai ang. Bawngek leitha leh ran ekdur hi hmanlai hun atang tawh khan thlaite tana a thatzia hriain an lo hmang tawh thin a, tunlai a damdawi atanga siam (fertilizer) an siam thiam hma phei chuan lei tihthat nana an hman ber a ni. A hmasain Bawngek leithain leia a tihthat dan leh thlaite tan a tangkaina hi lo thlir hmasa teh ang.

      Bawngek leithain lei a tihthat dan pui deuh te chu hengte hi a ni.

      1. Bawngek leitha hian lei timur a charkhawmin lei bek lutuk tur a ti thawl a. Hemi avang hian lei chhungrila rannung hmuh tham lohte an lo pung a, heng te hian thlai te tan chaw an siam tam thei phah a ni. Heng avang hian lei chunglang tuiin a lenbo tur a veng bawk a ni.

      2. Bawngek leitha pawlh hian leiin tui leh thlai chaw a pai hnem theih phah a, fertilizer kan pek te pawh tuiin a thamral pui lo bawk a. Balu lei leh lei me ten thlai te tan tui an pai tam theih phah bawk.

      3. Bawngek leithaah hian thlai tana an chawpui pathum a awm a , chungte chu thlai te tan an “ Buh , Alu leh Dal “ kan ti mai ang. Nitrogen a hnah tirotu leh thanlen tirtu , phosphorus a zunga than tir tu leh a rah ti thatu te, potassium sik leh sa leh a natna laka a chakna petu, heng pathum te hi a pai a ni. Heng thlai chaw pui pathum bakah a chaw tenau ho te (Micronutrients) Thlai tana ei mai theih tur a pai tel bawk a ni.

      4. Bawngek leitha te hi leia rannung te te mita hmuh tham lohte tan chaw an ni a, heng rannung te hian Bawngek leitha hi thlaite eitheih turin an lo siam a, chubakah leia thlaichaw awm Phosphorus te leh thlaichaw tenau (micronutrients) te thlai ei theih turin a titui (siam) bawk a ni.

      5. Kan leiah hian hnim hnah tawihte leh Bawngek leitha te a tam loh chuan thlai a thar hlawk thei lo a, chuvangin Bawngek leitha te leh hnimhnah tawih te lei timur siam tha tur leh tituitu atan pawlh tur a ni a, chu chuan Buh leh bal a ti thar hlawk dawn a ni.

      Mizoramah hian Bawngek hi kan neih tam ber anih avangin lei tithat nan kan hmang uar ber a, mahse bawngek chauh hi lei tih thatna a ni lova, rannung chi hrang hrang ek te leh hnimhnah dah tawihte, Antam tel sawrna fe hlawm (oilcake) te leh ran leh sangha thi tawihte pawh a hman theihin thlaite tan a tha em em vek a ni.

1. Bawngek leitha

      Bawngek leitha hi Bawngek leh a zun te leh a chaw nawi vel dah tawih a ni mai a, Thlaite tana chawtha ni turin a siam danah leh a vawn thatnaah fimkhur a tha.

A siam dan :

      Bawng vulhtuin thlatin bawng bawhna hnuaia hnim hnah ro dah tur a ni a, hei hi a zun leh ek lo dawltu a ni. Heng a zun leh ek inpawlh ho hi nitin khurah paih khawm tur a ni a, khur hi a thuk lam feet thum a vang lam feet ruk, a dung lam feet sawmthum vel ni sela, a dung sei lam hi a ram remchan dan anga siam rem theih a ni.

      A chhunkhwm dan chu a khurah awmze nei lova vawm lut mai lovin, A khur kha feet thum dan te tein thenhran a, heng then te hi a mal malin chhun khah hmasak tur a ni. A hmasa berin a then hran sir ber feet thum vela sang chhun pawn tur a dangte pawh hetianga chhun khah zel tur a ni. hetiang tiat khur kumkhat chhunga chhung khat tur hian Bawng pathum emaw pali emaw a tawk a. Hetianga siam hian Bawng pakhatin kum khat chhungin Bawngek leitha quintal 50-60 a thar chhuak thei a ni. Tin a khur chhun khah rual hian Urea, DAP/SSP Kg. khat vel theuh pek tel a tha bawk.

A hman dan :

      Bawngek leitha hi lei chi hrang hrang ten leh thlai chi hrang hrang tan a tha em em a. Thlai chin/ phun hma chawlhkar li(4) atanga chawlhkar ruk (6) velah lo pek lawk a tha. Thlai kumhlun ho ser-ah te chuan kung khat zel atan kum tin tinkhat vel pek tur a ni. Bawngek leitha hi lei nen ngun taka chawhpawlh vat tur a ni a, nisaa a inpho rei hian a chakna a bo thin. Bawngek nisa a pho that leh that loh enchhinnaah chuan ni sawmpali (14) chhung pawn nisaa an dah hnuah chakna za zela sawmnga (50%) a hloh thei tih an hmuchhuak a ni.

2.Hnimhnah leh thlai tawih dur (compost)Siam dan

      Hnim leh thlaite leh bawlhhlawh chi hrang hrangte hi lei tihthatna tha takah an siam theih a ni.

A siam dan

      Thingtlang lo leh huanah te hnim leh thlai kung leh a bul velah te a tam em em a, hengte hi lakkhawm a, dah tawihin leitha dur tha takah a siam theih a, bawngek leitha khur ang bawkin a khur thuk lam feet thum, a vang lam feet nga leh a sei lam feet 15 vela siam angai a, a sei lam hi chu remchan dana siamrem theih a ni. Hnimhnah leh bawlhhlawh chi hrang hrang te chu khurah chuan paih luh zel a, feet khat vela chhah a nih veleh Bawngek tuikawiin emaw chirhin emaw leih tur a ni. Hemi chhungah hian hnim hnahte leiin khuh leh tur a ni a, Lei chunglang aia feet hnih vela pawngin chhun vum tur a ni. A chhun vum hi leiin khuh leh tur a ni a, Thlathum chhung hetiang hian um tawih tur a ni a. Thla thum hnuah chuan haichhuah a, a bul leiah chuan chhunvum a tuia tih huh hnuah lei bawkin khuh leh tur a ni . Hemi hnu thla hnih velah hnim leh bawlhlawhte chu hman theihin a lo tawih ang a, Urea, DAP/SSP te pawlh ang bawkin, hnim leh bawlhhlawh paih khawmah hian kg. khat vel theuh pawlh ve thin a tha.

      Heng hnim leh bawlhhlawh chi hrang hrang tawihte hi lei chi hrang hrang leh thlai chi hrang hrangte tan a tha em em a ni. A hman dan pawh Bawngek leitha ang tho va hman tur a ni.

3.Hnimhnah hring hman nghal chi leh a hman dan :

      Mizoramah hian hnah hringte lei tihthat nan kan hmang uar lo hle a, ramdangah chuan an hmang tangkai em em a ni. Tlang mi ve bawk Naga hote chhuan thing chi khat (Alder) an tih mai hi an thingtlang lovah an phun a, a kung a lo len deuh a, a lo buk deuh hnuah kit mai lovin a hnahte an hlawi a, chung a hnahte leh hnim dangte chu an hal a, lei a ti tha em em ani. Thingtlang lo neih dan pangngaia kum 10 leng ram an neih thin kha kum4-5 leng lekah a lo neih theih ta a ni. Tunah hian hnim hnah lei tih that nana hman nghal mai theih kan sawi tur te chu thlai rah kawm nei chi ho an ni ber a. Chungte chu Behlawi te leh Mizorama kan chin lar vak lo Dhaincha te leh Sunhemp te, Berseem leh chi dang dang te an ni ber. Heng thlai te hi lovah emaw, huanah emaw an ching a, a thanduan no lai, a par tantirh laiin a kung chawpin an sam ta a, a kung leh a hnahte chu a lo tawih a, thlaiten chawah an hmang nghal thin a ni. Hetiang thlai hnah hringte lei tihthat nana hman dawn chuan tui pek theihna ram ngeiah ni thei sela a kung thanduan nan leh a titawihtu atan tui an mamawh hnem vang a ni. Leilet buh chinnaah a tangkai em em. Heng thlaite hi chawlhkar 8-12 a upa an nihin sam thluk a, leileh hnan a tha ber. An upat hnuah hman chuan an tawih har a, chawlhkar 4-8 lai buh phun hmaa lo pek lawkte a ngai thin. Central rice Research Institute, Cuttack-a Dhaincha an enchhinnaah chuan chawlhkar 8-a upa hi buh phun hma nikhata leileh hma pawhin Buhin a hlawk phah em em an ti.

      Heng bakah hian Tel sawrna a fe hlawmkhawm (Oil cake) chi hrang hrang Antam atanga siam te ,Badam atanga siam te leh Neem cake te leh chi dang dang tam tak a awm bawk. Tin , heng bakah hian thlai chaw atan an hman bawk chu ran talhna hmuna a thi khawn leh a ruh leh a sa chhe nawi te hi a hman theih bawk Sangha chhe thi ro te pawh hi an tha em em bawk.

      Heng lei tihthatna chi hrang hrangte hian thlai chaw chi hrang hrang a pek bakah leiin a that phah em em a, tam tak hman pawh hi leiin a chhiat phah lova, hman sual a awm ve lo a ni. Bawngek leitha leh fertilizer hman kawp hian leiin a that phah bakah abuh leh balin an thar hlawk phah em em a ni.

Mizoram lei tana thlai chi hrang hrangte Chinai Slaked Lime/Dolomite mamawh zat (Ton/ha)

CHINAI PAWLH CHUNGCHANGA HRIATTUR PAWIMAWHTE

     1. Chinai hi leiah a hmain pawlha lei leh hnan a tha.

     2. Chinai pawlh atanga thla khat hnuah chauh thlai chin tur a ni.

     3. Chinai leia pawlh hian kum 4-5 thlengin hna a thawk thei.

Chinai mamawh zat chhutchhuah dan (Formulae)

LR = 43.1-7.5xpH MT/ha

     [LR= Lime Requirement (Chinai mamawh zat)

     pH= Lei thur lam

     Mt./ha = Metric ton per hec. ( Ram hectare khat zela chinai Metric ton tul zat)

          BIO-FERTILIZERS HMAN DAN

BIO-FERTILIZER HI ENGNGE A NIH :

     Thlaite hian chawtha (Nutrients) an mamawh a, chung chawtha (Nutrients) zingah chuan Nitrogen leh Phosphorous te hi an pawimawh ber a . Nitrogen leh phosphorous hi kawng thum (3) – in kan pe thei, chungte chu :-

     (1) Chemical Fertilizer hmangin.

     (2) Organic Manures – entir nan Compost (Hnimtawih) leitha/ bawngek leitha) hmangin.

     (3) Bio- fertilizer te hmangin.

     Bio- fertilizer te hi hrik nung (micro-organism) atanga siam an ni a, thlai chi sawngbawl nana hmanin emaw thlai zung chiah nan emaw leia thehin emaw boruaka Nitrogen-te leiah an dah khawl thei a, tin, leia ‘Phosphorous’ awmte thlai ei theih turin a siam chhuak bawk a ni.

     Bio- fertilizer chi hrang hrang pali a awm a, hengte hi kawng hnih (2) – in a then theih :

     a) Nitrogen siam chhuak thei Bio- fertilizer

     i)Rhizobium

     ii) Azotobacter

     iii) Azospirilum

     b) Phosphorous siam chhuak thei Bio- fertilizer

     i) Phosphotika

1.Rhizobium :

     Rhizobium hi Bio- fertilizer chi khat ‘Be’ thlai (legumes) ho tan bika hman a ni. ‘Be’ thlai te Rhizobium hmanga kan sawngbawl hian, Rhizobium hrik (Bacteria) te chu thlai zung thanglai bulah an inthlah pung ta vak mai a, thlai zung chhungah lutin, zung bawk (Nodules) a siam ta a, he zung bawk chhungah hian awmhmun khuarin Nitrogen an dahkhawl a, chu chu thlaiin a lo hmang tangkai thin a ni. Rhizobium Bio- fertilizer te hi ‘Be’ chi hrang hrang tana hman turin a chi hrang siamchhhuah a ni. Entir nan : Bekang hman tur chi bik a awm a, chungte chu Be chi dang French-Bean-ahte hman loh tur a ni a. Bekangah chauh hman tur.

RHIZOBIUM BIO- FERTILIZER HMAN A HLAWKNA

     1. Thlai thar zaah 25-40% in a tihlawk.

     2. Chemical Nitrogen a bikin Urea hman tam a ngaih loh phah.

     3. Nitrogen hectare khatah 50-300 kg. thlai tan a siamchhuak thei.

     4. Hormones a siamchhuah avangin thlai zunga insiam tha a, thlai a than thattir a ni.

A HMAN DAN :

     Rhizobium Bio- fertilizer 200gms. hi tui pava2(hnih)(300-500ml) nen chawhpawlh tur a ni, chu chuan thlai chi Acre khata chin tur bual nan hman tur. Thlai chi-ah a kairual nan kut hmangin uluk taka chawhfin tur, daihlimah dah hul a, chumi hnuah chin thuai tur a ni (Nikhata kan chin zawh tawk chauh sawisak thin ni se).

2. AZOTOBACTER/AZOSPIRILLUM :

     Heng bio-fertilizer chi hnih te hi tlangrama kan thlai chin buh, vaimim etc emaw leilet buh tana hman tur a ni. Azotobacter/ Azospirillum bio-fertilizer te hi thlai chi nena nuaiin emaw, thlai zung chiah nan emaw leia thehin emaw thlai thang lai zung bul velah an inthlah pung a, Nitrogen boruaka mi a dahkhawm a, chu chu thlaiin a lo hmang tangkai ta thin a ni. Hman dan tur leh hmanna bik a awm a :

     1) Tlangram lo emaw, terrace hmunah te Azotobacter hi hman a tha.

     2) Leilet Buh hmunah Azospirillum hi hman a tha.

AN TANGKAINATE :

     1) Nitrogen hectare khatah 15-25kg thlai tan an siam chhuak.

     2) Thlai thar zaah 10-25% in a tipung.

     3) Hormones leh Vitamins an siam chhuak a, heng hian thlai zung than that nan te leh leia thlai natna do tur te’n a tanpui nasa hle bawk.

A HMAN DAN :

1) Thlai chi sawngbawl nan : Bio- fertilizer 200-250gms. leh tui 2 pava(300-500 ml) chawhpawlh tur ani. Chumi hmang chuan thlai chi Acre khata chin tur bual tur. Daihlimah dah hul hnuah chin thuai tur a ni.

2) Thlai tiak zung chiah nan : Bio- fertilizer kg 1-2 leh tui 5 litres chawhpawlh tur. Acre 1-a chin tur thlai tiak zungte chu hetah hian minute 25-30 chhung chiah tur a ni. Chumi zawhah phun mai tur.

3) Leia theh tur siam dan : Hnim tawih leitha (compost) 40-60 kgs leh Bio- fertilizer 2-3 kgs te uluk taka chawhfin tur a ni. Chumi chawhfin/chawhpawlh tawh chu leia theh ve mai tur a ni. Fu hmunah chuan chin hnu ni 30-40 bi chhungah thehdarh tur a ni. Sawhthing/Alu ah chuan ni 20 hnuah rihvur rualin telh tur a ni.

4) Leilet Buh hmunah : Azospirillum Kg 1-2 leh tui litres 5 chawhpawlh phawt tur a ni. Chumi tuiah chuan acre khat(tin hmun) a phun tur Buh tiak zungte chu zankhat tal chiah tur a ni (darkar 12 chiah tur tihna a ni ).

3.PHOSPHOTIKA :

     Phosphotika hi Bio- fertilizer chi khat hrik nung (micro organism) pai tho a ni a, Phosphorous leia mi thlai ei theih tura siamtu a ni. Chemical thenkhat tichhuakin Phosphorous leia awmsa hman mai theih turin a siam chhuak a ni.

A TANGKAINA :

     1) Phosphorous Kg 15-20 thlai hman tur a siam chhuak.

     2) Thlai thar a tipung nasa.

     3) Phosphotika kan hman chuan DAP pek tam a ngai lo.

A HMAN DAN :

     Phosphotika hi thlai chi sawngbawl nan te, thlai tiak zung chiah nan te, leia theh atan a hman theih, a sawngbawl dan chu Azotobacter/ Azospirillum ang tho a ni.

NITROGENOUS BIO- FERTILIZER LEH PHOSPHOTIKA TE HI INZAT CHIAHA HMAN KAWP TUR A NI. HMAN KAWP HIAN NITROGEN LEH PHOSPHOROUS A SIAM CHHUAK A NI.

          BIO- FERTILIZER HMAN DAWNA HRIATTUR TE :

     a) Bio- fertilizer te, thlaichi Bio- fertilizer nena sawngbawl tawhte chu Chemical fertilizer dang nen chawhpawlh loh tur a ni.

     b) Thlaichi te thlai natna laka venna (Fungicides) hmanga sawngbawl a ngaih chuan, damdawia sawngbawl hmasak phawt a , chumi zawh chawlhkar khat hnuah Bio- fertilizer a nuai/sawngbawl chauh tur a ni.

     c) Bio- fertilizer ip(packets) te hi hmun hul tha leh daihlim, nisa-in a em theih lohah dah thin tur a ni.

     d) Hriknung an nih avangin nun theih chin (Expiry date) an nei a, an thih hman ngeia hman tur a ni. Siamchhuah atanga thla ruk (6months) ah a ‘Expire’ thin.

     Thlai chi hrang hranga Fertilizer Bawng ek leitha pek tur zat. ( Hei hi lei endik (Soil Testing) a nih lohva hman dan tur tlangpui a ni.)